The doctrine of signatures or principle of signatures or incorrectly the
theory* of signatures was a method of care based on the principle "similar care for the same."
Used since antiquity to 17
th century, it was justified by the following theological affirmation: God wanted to show people what plants would be useful.
In this vein, the Common viper's Bugloss was used to treat the bites of vipers, because its seeds look like a viper's head, and the flower resembles a viper open mouth ready to bite, its style is like a forked snake tongue and its stem is spotted like some snake skins.
*If in fact the word theory means an explanation of a given thing that always proves true according to experiments carried out and to the new facts that occur, so there is only one theory valid for one thing, in popular language, and I quote Wikipedia:«..common uses of the word "theory" that imply that something is unproven or speculative (which is better characterized by the word 'hypothesis').»
This "debasement" of the word theory used in place of hypothesis allows some charlatans to say that their "theories" are well worth another, whereas in fact there is only one valid theory for a given thing.
I think especially here of the "theory" of intelligent design, often opposed to the Theory of evolution of species, who is a true theory, that new scientific observations and verifiable facts, always confirm.